Geographic location: Soil character attributes from the Map Unit Interpretation Database (MUIR) were combined with USGS 7.5-minute digital elevation data (DEM) to create a soil landscape model for a 1.3 km2 site in Sandusky County in northwestern Ohio. From the 'Soil Series' character attribute we inferred the depth of different soil horizons at specific geographic locations.

Modeling: Surfaces were created using 2-D ordinary kriging and layers were created with linear interpolation in the vertical direction between these surfaces utilizing Environmental Visualization Software (EVS) (EVS-NT PRO; Ctech Development Corporation, Huntington Beach, CA).

Abstraction / VRML: All objects of the soil landscape model were created using IndexedFaceSet node utilizing EVS. Solid colors utilizing the Color node were used to transfer character attribute information.

Soil Series Description:

Belmore Series (BaB)
Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
Horizon Depth (cm) Soil attributes
Ap 0 - 20.3 Dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 10 percent pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary
BE 20.3 - 38.0 Brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; 10 percent pebbles; neutral; clear boundary
Bt1 38.0 - 81.3 dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common faint dark yellowish (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; clay bridges between sand grains; 15 percent pebbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary
Bt2 81.3 - 114.3 Brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; fine roots; many faint brown (7.5 YR 4/4) clay films on pebbles; 25 percent pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary
C1 114.3 - 144.8 Brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sand loam; single grain; loose; 20 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately aklaline; clear wavy boundary
C2 144.8 - 195.6 Dark grayish (2.5Y 4/2) loamy sand; single grain; loose; 3 percent pebbles; stongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

 

Blount Series (BoA)
Taxonomic class: Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs
Horizon Depth (cm) Soil attributes
Ap 0 - 17.8 Dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; common roots; 3 percent pebbles; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary
Btg 17.8 - 30.5 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on surfaces of peds; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) clay depletions on vertical surfaces of peds; many distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in the matrix; 3 percent pebbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary
Bt 30.5 - 58.4 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; weak fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions with clear boundaries in the matrix; common prominent gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions with clear boundaries and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation with diffuse boundaries in the matrix; 4 percent pebbles; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary
BCtg 58.4 - 76.2 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical surfaces of peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate coatings on vertical surfaces of peds; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in the matrix; 8 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary
CBd 76.2 - 106.7 Brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak medium platy structure; very firm; common distinct white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate coatings on surfaces; common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries in the matrix; 10 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary
Cd1 106.6 - 137.2 Brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; massive; very firm; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) calcium carbonate coatings on surfaces; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries in the matrix; 10 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary
Cd2 137.2 - 203.2 Brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; massive; very firm; 10 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

 

Dunbridge Series (DuB)
Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
Horizon Depth (cm) Soil attributes
Ap1 0 - 12.7 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium and fine granular structure; friable; many roots; 5 percent pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary
Ap2 12.7 - 22.9 Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium and coarse granular structure; friable; many roots; 5 percent pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary
Bt1 22.9 - 33.0 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; weak coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) worm casts in the matrix; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 3 percent pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary
Bt2 33.0 - 50.8 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films bridging sand grains; 1 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary
Bt3 50.8 - 63.5 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; weak coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand grains; 4 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary
Bt4 63.5 - 76.2 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent gray (10YR 6/1) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) weathered limestone pebbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary
2R > 76.2 Fractured limestone

 

Glenford Series (GtB)
Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs
Horizon Depth (cm) Soil attributes
Ap 0 - 17.8 Dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; many roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary
BA 17.8 - 25.4 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary
Bt1 25.4 - 43.2 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; thin patchy dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films in voids and on faces of peds; common fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary
Bt2 43.2 - 76.2 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak thick platy; firm; few roots; thin patchy clay films in voids and on faces of peds; few medium very dark brown (10YR 2/2) soft iron and manganese oxide accumulations; few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation as rinds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary
BC 76.2 - 106.7 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thin platy structure; friable; few roots; few clay enriched areas in upper part of horizon; few fine prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation as rinds and stains; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary
C 106.7 - 152.4 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, with few lenses of very fine sand; weak thick platy structure; friable; common fine and medium prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation as rinds; slightly acid

 

Glynwood Series (GwB)
Taxonomic class: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs
Horizon Depth (cm) Soil attributes
Ap 0 - 17.8 Dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many roots; few fine dark iron and manganese concretions in the matrix; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary
E 17.8 - 22.9 Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak very thin platy structure; friable; many roots; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine black (10YR 2/1) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) iron and manganese concretions in the matrix; many worm casts; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick in cultivated pedons and 3 to 8 inches thick in undisturbed pedons.)
BE 22.9 - 30.5 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; firm; common roots; many distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) and brown (10YR 5/3) clay depletions on faces of peds; common medium distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary
2Bt 30.5 - 58.4 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium and coarse angular blocky; firm; common roots; many faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; common faint brown (10YR 5/3) clay depletions on faces of peds; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; many fine dark iron and manganese concretions in the matrix; few pebbles; strongly acid in the upper part grading to neutral in the lower part; clear wavy boundary
2BC 58.4 - 81.3 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; very weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; firm; few roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) carbonate coatings on vertical faces of peds; common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many fine dark iron and manganese concretions in the matrix; less than 5 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary
2Cd 81.3 - 152.4 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; massive; very firm; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine dark iron and manganese concretions; some vertical cleavage planes with pale brown (10YR 6/3) and gray (5Y 5/1) carbonate coatings; less than 5 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

 

Haskins Series (HaB)
Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs
Horizon Depth (cm) Soil attributes
Ap 0 - 22.9 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; 5 percent intermixing of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) BE material; few rock fragments; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary
BEg 22.9 - 33.0 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films (iron depletions) on faces of peds; common patchy brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation on faces of peds; few dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) worm casts and pores; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and many medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few rock fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick in cultivated pedons and 3 to 10 inches thick in undisturbed pedons.)
Btg 33.0 - 45.7 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films (iron depletions) on faces of peds; few patchy dark brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation on faces of peds; few dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) worm casts and pores; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary
Bt1 45.7 - 61.0 Brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films (iron depletions) on faces of peds and lining old root channels; few patchy dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation on faces of peds; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few rock fragments; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary
Bt2 61.0 -76.2

Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate fine and medium structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films (iron depletions) on faces of peds and lining old root channels; few patchy dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation on faces of peds; common medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and few medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few rock fragments; neutral; clear smooth boundary

B'tg: dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam with strata of yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films (iron depletions) on faces of peds and bridging sand grains in the loam material; few patchy dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments in the loam material and few rock fragments in the fine sandy loam strata; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (The Btg and Bt horizons have a combined thickness of 10 to 35 inches.)
2BC 76.2 - 132.0 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; common distinct gray (10YR 6/1) coatings (iron depletions) on vertical faces of peds; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate concretions in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual irregular boundary
2Cd 132.0 - 203.2 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; massive with widely spaced vertical partings; very firm; few distinct gray (10YR 6/1) coatings (iron depletions) on widely spaced vertical partings; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation oriented along vertical fracture planes in the basal till; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

 

Kibbie Series (KbA)
Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs
Horizon Depth (cm) Soil attributes
Ap 0 - 17.8 Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary
E 17.8 - 27.9 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary
Bt1 27.9 - 48.2 Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots; thin clay films on faces of peds and in root channels; common medium faint dark brown (10YR 4/3) iron depletions in the matrix; few 1/8- to 1-inch lenses of very fine sand; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary
Bt2 48.2 - 86.4 Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; thin lenses of very fine sand and silt loam; few fine roots; thin clay films on faces of peds and in some root channels; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary
C 86.4 - 152.4 Brown (10YR 5/3) stratified silt loam, fine sand and very fine sand; massive; friable; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline

 

Rimer Series (RoB)
Taxonomic class: Loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Arenic Hapludalfs
Horizon Depth (cm) Soil attributes
Ap 0 - 25.4 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; 5 percent intermixing of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) E1 material; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary
E1 25.4 - 43.2 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; common medium and coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium and coarse faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary
E2 43.2 - 58.4 Brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moderately cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary
Bt 58.4 - 71.1 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; thin strata of loamy sand and sandy clay loam; few fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moderately cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary
2Btg 71.1 - 88.9 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation on faces of peds; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moderately cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary
2Bt 88.9 - 101.6 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; common distinct light gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on faces of peds; few faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of calcium carbonate accumulation on vertical faces of peds; common fine and medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) moderately cemented calcium carbonate concretions in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary
2BC 101.6 - 137.2 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; common distinct light gray (10YR 6/1) coatings on vertical faces of peds; few faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of calcium carbonate accumulation on vertical faces of peds; common fine and medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine and medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) moderately cemented calcium carbonate concretions in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary
2Cd 137.2 - 203.2 Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; massive, with widely spaced vertical partings; very firm; few distinct light gray (10YR 6/1) coatings on vertical faces of partings; common fine and medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions oriented along partings ; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations oriented along partings; few fine and medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) moderately cemented calcium carbonate concretions in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline

 

Spinks Series (SoB)
Taxonomic class: Sandy, mixed, active, mesic Lamellic Hapludalfs
Horizon Depth (cm) Soil attributes
Ap 0 - 25.4 Dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary
Bw 25.4 - 55.9 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary
E and Bt 55.9 - 215.9 Pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand (E); single grain and loose in the E part; lamellae and bands of brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy fine sand (Bt); weak fine subangular blocky structure and friable in the Bt part; common fine roots in upper part, becoming few in lower part; neutral; clear wavy boundary
C 215.9 - 266.7 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline